Effects of Microencapsulated Medicinal and Aromatic Plants on Growth Performance and Immunıty in Chickens

Özet

The immune system in poultry is a complex structure influenced by various factors such as age, nutrition, genetic background, environmental conditions, and stress. For many years, antibiotics were used in animal feed as growth promoters to prevent diseases and enhance productivity; however, this practice led to the development of antibiotic resistance and has therefore been banned in many countries. Consequently, natural compounds such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, plant extracts, and essential oils have been investigated as alternative growth-promoting agents. Medicinal and aromatic plants, due to their antimicrobial and immune-supporting properties, have emerged as promising natural feed additives in poultry nutrition. However, the essential oils and bioactive compounds they contain are highly sensitive to heat, light, and oxidation, which can reduce their effectiveness during feed production and storage. At this point, microencapsulation technology enables the controlled release and chemical stability of these active components, allowing the safe and effective use of medicinal and aromatic compounds in poultry feeds. Microencapsulation involves enclosing liquid, solid, or gaseous active substances within suitable coating materials (such as maltodextrin, starch, alginate, or gelatin) to form micron-sized capsules. This method protects volatile compounds from oxidative degradation, extends shelf life, masks undesirable odors and tastes, and facilitates dosage control in feed formulations. In conclusion, microencapsulation technology represents an innovative approach that enhances the bioavailability and efficacy of medicinal and aromatic plant components in poultry nutrition, offering significant potential for improving growth performance and immune functions.