Mechanical Properties Of Sandwich Composites Used For Aerofoil Shell Structures Of Wind Turbine Blade
Fatih BALIKOĞLU1, Tayfur Kerem DEMİRCİOĞLU1*, Ali IŞIKTAŞ2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46291/ICONTECHvol5iss1pp26-37Anahtar Kelimeler:
Grid-scored foam, bending, shear, compressionÖzet
The grid-scored foams contribute significantly to the overall mechanical properties of the sandwich structures, such as aerofoil shell structure of wind turbine blades which are subjected to different loads under operating conditions. The goal of the present paper is to examine the four-point bending, flatwise and edgewise compression and in-plane shear behaviour of sandwich panels composed of composite face sheets of E-glass/ bisphenol-A epoxy resin and plain and grid-scored PVC foams. The four-point bending failure load of the grid-scored foamed sandwich beams increased by 28.1% compared to the plain foamed ones. The flatwise compression strength of samples with grid-scored foam increased by 546% compared to plain foamed samples. The resin grids contributed to an increase in the flat-wise compression stress inducing the core crushing. Under the edgewise compression load, using the grid-scored foam increased the maximum load values by only about 2.9% relative to the plain foam. The reason for this small difference can be addressed as the facings are more effective in carrying the edgewise loadings. With the use of the grid-scored foam, an increase of 38.2% was obtained in-plane shear strength compared to plain foamed sandwich beams. The resin grids improved bonding between the facings and PVC foam.
Referanslar
ASTM. (2005). ASTM C365 / C365M-05, Standard Test Method for Flatwise Compressive Properties of Sandwich Cores. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM. (2012a). ASTM C273/C273M – 11, Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Sandwich Core Materials. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, United States: ASTM International.
ASTM. (2012b). ASTM C364/C364M – 07, Standard Test Method for Edgewise Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, United States: ASTM International.
ASTM. (2016). ASTM C393 / C393M-16, Standard Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Balıkoğlu, F., Arslan, N., Demircioğlu, T., İnal, O., İren, M., & Ataş, A. (2020). Improving four-point bending performance of marine composite sandwich beams by core modification. Journal of Composite Materials, 54(8), 1049-1066.
Balıkoğlu, F., Demircioğlu, T. K., Yıldız, M., Arslan, N., & Ataş, A. (2020). Mechanical performance of marine sandwich composites subjected to flatwise compression and flexural loading: Effect of resin pins. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 22(6), 2030-2048.
Brøndsted, P., Lilholt, H., & Lystrup, A. (2005). Composite materials for wind power turbine blades. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res., 35, 505-538.
Data sheet for cured Polives 702 Bisphenol-A epoxy Vinylester Resin. Retrieved 26.11.2018, 2018, from http://www.plasto.com.tr/files/upload/files/POLIVES%20702.pdf
Datasheet for Airex C70 PVC Foam. (2011).
Fathi, A., Wolff-Fabris, F., Altstädt, V., & Gätzi, R. (2013). An investigation on the flexural properties of balsa and polymer foam core sandwich structures: Influence of core type and contour finishing options. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 15(5), 487-508.
Herbert, G. J., Iniyan, S., Sreevalsan, E., & Rajapandian, S. (2007). A review of wind energy technologies. Renewable and sustainable energy Reviews, 11(6), 1117-1145.
Kong, C., Bang, J., & Sugiyama, Y. (2005). Structural investigation of composite wind turbine blade considering various load cases and fatigue life. Energy, 30(11-12), 2101-2114.
Laustsen, S., Lund, E., Kühlmeier, L., & Thomsen, O. T. (2014a). Development of a High‐fidelity Experimental Substructure Test Rig for Grid‐scored Sandwich Panels in Wind Turbine Blades. Strain, 50(2), 111-131.
Laustsen, S., Lund, E., Kühlmeier, L., & Thomsen, O. T. (2014b). Failure behaviour of grid-scored foam cored composite sandwich panels for wind turbine blades subjected to realistic multiaxial loading conditions. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 16(5), 481-510.
Laustsen, S., Lund, E., Thomsen, O. T., & Kühlmeier, L. (2013). Experimental characterisation of the progresive failure of grid-scored sandwich structures in wind turbine blades. Paper presented at the 19th International Conference on Composite Materials, ICCM 2013.
Laustsen, S., Thomsen, O. T., Lund, E., & Kühlmeier, L. (2012). Analysis of Grid-Scored Sandwich Structures of Different Curvatures and Grid Sizes For Wind Turbine Blades. Paper presented at the ECCM15-15Th European Conference On Composite Materials, Venice, Italy, 24-28 June 2012.
Mishnaevsky, L., Branner, K., Petersen, H. N., Beauson, J., McGugan, M., & Sørensen, B. F. (2017). Materials for wind turbine blades: an overview. Materials, 10(11), 1285.
Pemberton, R., Summerscales, J., & Graham-Jones, J. (2018). Marine Composites: Design and Performance: Woodhead Publishing.
Sesto, E., & Casale, C. (1998). Exploitation of wind as an energy source to meet the world's electricity demand. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 74, 375-387.
Sørensen, B. F., Holmes, J. W., Brøndsted, P., & Branner, K. (2010). Blade materials, testing methods and structural design. Wind power generation and wind turbine design, 417-466.
Thomsen, O. T. (2009). Sandwich materials for wind turbine blades—present and future. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 11(1), 7-26.
Trofka, S. (2008). Effects of contour cuts on shear properties of ductile foam cores. Compos Res J, 2(1), 66-73.
Yang, J., Peng, C., Xiao, J., Zeng, J., Xing, S., Jin, J., & Deng, H. (2013). Structural investigation of composite wind turbine blade considering structural collapse in full-scale static tests. Composite structures, 97, 15-29.
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2021 ICONTECH ULUSLARARASI DERGİSİ
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.