Optimization of the Washing Process After Reactive Dyeing

Authors

Keywords:

Sustainability, water consumption, reactive dyeing, rinsing, fastness

Abstract

In addition to climate change, clean water resources are decreasing daily with the increase of industrial pollution. However, the world population, which is expected to increase to 9.3 billion in 2050, will increase the need for clean water. In the textile industry, the highest water consumption is required during wet processing. Specifically, after reactive dyeing of cellulosic-based textile surfaces, repeated washing processes are applied to remove the reactive groups that cannot be covalently attached to the fiber. Performing optimization studies in these washing steps is extremely important to reduce water consumption. In this study, it is aimed to develope an environmentally friendly sustainable washing process that minimizes water consumption by optimizing the repeated washing steps after reactive dyeing. Woven fabric with 53/47% Viscose/Rayon (weft yarn is Ne 281/1 Viscon Ring, warp yarn is 75 denye 24 filament Rayon) content was used in the study. In order to reduce the amount of water consumed in the washing steps after reactive dyeing, 2 washing agents with different ionic loads were used. 24 experiments were designed at 3 temperatures (60, 80 and 90°C), 2 washing agents (A and B) and 4 concentrations (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g/L). The color differences of the samples were calculated and their color fastness to washing, water, sweat and rubbing were tested. When the results were evaluated in general, it was seen that the ΔECMC (2:1) values in color difference measurements were below 1, and the fastness results were 4 and above according to Gray Scale. Thus, by reducing the number of washing baths, a washing process that consumes less water and energy has been developed and contributed to the protection of natural resources.

References

Akcakoca, E.P., Ozguney, A.T. and Atav, R. 2007. The Efficiency of Washing Agents in the Post-Dyeing Removal of Hydrolyzed Reactive Dye, Dyes and Pigments, 72 (2007) 23-27.

Amin, M.N. and Blackburn, R.S. 2015. A Sustainable Chemistry Method to Improve the Wash-off Process of Reactive Dyes on Cotton, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 3 (4): 725-732. ISSN 2168-0485.

Aysha, T.S., Ahmed, N.S., El-Sedik, M.S.,Youssef, Y.A. and El Shishtawy, R.M. 2022. Eco Friendly Salt/Alkali Free Exhaustion Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Reactive Dyes, Scientific Reports, (2022) 12:22339.

Azanaw, A., Birlie, B., Teshome, B. and Jemberie, M. 2022. Textile Effluent Treatment Methods and Eco-Friendly Resolution of Textile Wastewater, Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Volume 6.

Becerir, B., 2023, Endüstriyel Renk Fiziği ve Tekstil Uygulamaları. Medyay Basım Yayım, 1. Baskı, Bursa, s. 297.

Burkinshaw, S.M. and Kabambe, O. 2009. Attempts to Reduce Water and Chemical Usage in the Removal of Reactive Dyes: Part 1 Bis(Aminochlorotriazine) Dyes, Dyes and Pigments 83 (2009): 363-374.

Christie, R.M. 2007. Environmental Aspects of Textile Dyeing, first ed. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, Manchester, England.

Çalışkan, N. 2021. Reaktif Boyama Sonrası Yıkamalarda, Reaktif Boyama Atık Sularının Tekrar Kullanılabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s.2.

El-Apasery, M.A. and Ahmed, D.A. 2023. A Sustainable Approach for Immobilization Dyeing Bath Effluents of Reactive Yellow145 by using Different Types of Eco-Friendly Geopolymer Cement, Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 66 (3): 169-177.

Hande, P., Kulkarni, K.S., Adivarekar, R.V., Bhagwat, S.S. and Bhate, P.M. 2021. A Process for Dyeing Cotton with Direct Dyes Possessing Primary Aromatic Amino Groups Furnishing Wash Fastness Exhibited by Reactive Dyes, Coloration Technology, 138:248–254.

Islam, M.S., Wang, G., Li, J., Liu, Z. and Yang, L. 2022. Development of High-Performance Non-Foaming Cationic Soap-Washing Agent through the Copolymerization of N-Vinylpyrrolidone with 2-(Dimethyalamino) Ethyl Methacrylate for Wash-off Reactive Dyed Cotton Fabric, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Print ISSN: 2395-1990

İncekara, B. 2022. Reaktif Boyama Atık Sularının Dekolarizasyonunda Nanobubble Teknolojisinin Kullanımının İncelenmesi, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s.1-154.

Khatri, A., Peerzada, M.H., Mohsin, M., and White, M. 2014. A Review on Developments in Dyeing Cotton Fabrics with Reactive Dyes for Reducing Effluent Pollution, Journal of Cleaner Production, (2014) 1-8.

King, D. 2007. Dyeing of Cotton and Cotton Products, Gordon, S., Hsieh, Y.L. (Eds.), Cotton: Science and Technology, Cambridge, England:Woodhead Publishing Ltd, 353-377.

Markandeya, Mohan, D. and Shukla, S.P. 2022. Hazardous Consequences of Textile Mill Effluents on Soil and Their Remediation Approaches, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 7 (100434): 1-8.

Patil, H., Athalye, A. and Adivarekar, R. 2022. Developments in Wash-off Technologies after Reactive Dyeing, Asian Dyer, March 2022, 25-29.

TS EN ISO 105-C06:2010, Tekstil - Renk haslığı deneyleri - Bölüm C06: Evsel yıkamaya ve ticari müesseselerde yıkamaya karşı renk haslığı, https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard, Erişim: 31.08.2023.

TS EN ISO 105 E04:2013, Tekstil - Renk haslığı deneyleri - Bölüm E04: Tere karşı renk haslığı, https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard, Erişim: 31.08.2023.

TS EN ISO 105 E01:2013, Tekstil - Renk haslığı deneyleri - Bölüm E01: Suya karşı renk haslığı, https://intweb.tse.org.tr/standard, Erişim: 31.08.2023.

TS EN ISO 105 X12:2016, Tekstil - Renk haslığı deneyleri - Bölüm X12: Sürtmeye karşı renk haslığı tayini, https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard, Erişim: 31.08.2023.

Zaloğlu, S., Özcan, G., Ülkü, P. ve Yılmaz, B. 2012. Design of an Ultrasonic Washing Process as an After-Treatment for Developing Reactive Printing Quality and Fastness. Textile and Apparel, 22 (2),106-114.

Published

2024-03-31

How to Cite

Dülek, Y., Yıldıran, İpek, Sevinç, B., Mert, E., & Yardım, A. (2024). Optimization of the Washing Process After Reactive Dyeing. ICONTECH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 8(1). Retrieved from https://icontechjournal.com/index.php/iij/article/view/319

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)