ICONTECH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

A Short Overview on Preparation of Different Metal Oxide Nanoparticle by Using Different Techniques

Abdul Rehman — 2024-03-31

Nanotechnology has emerged as a cutting-edge field in recent years. Metal oxide nanoparticles are produced using a variety of processes. Metal oxide nanoparticles are further classified into two types: monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method depends on the desired properties of the final MONPs.

Optimization of the Washing Process After Reactive Dyeing

Yasemin Dülek — 2024-03-31

In addition to climate change, clean water resources are decreasing daily with the increase of industrial pollution. However, the world population, which is expected to increase to 9.3 billion in 2050, will increase the need for clean water. In the textile industry, the highest water consumption is required during wet processing. Specifically, after reactive dyeing of cellulosic-based textile surfaces, repeated washing processes are applied to remove the reactive groups that cannot be covalently attached to the fiber. Performing optimization studies in these washing steps is extremely important to reduce water consumption. In this study, it is aimed to develope an environmentally friendly sustainable washing process that minimizes water consumption by optimizing the repeated washing steps after reactive dyeing. Woven fabric with 53/47% Viscose/Rayon (weft yarn is Ne 281/1 Viscon Ring, warp yarn is 75 denye 24 filament Rayon) content was used in the study. In order to reduce the amount of water consumed in the washing steps after reactive dyeing, 2 washing agents with different ionic loads were used. 24 experiments were designed at 3 temperatures (60, 80 and 90°C), 2 washing agents (A and B) and 4 concentrations (1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g/L). The color differences of the samples were calculated and their color fastness to washing, water, sweat and rubbing were tested. When the results were evaluated in general, it was seen that the ΔE_{CMC (2:1)}values in color difference measurements were below 1, and the fastness results were 4 and above according to Gray Scale. Thus, by reducing the number of washing baths, a washing process that consumes less water and energy has been developed and contributed to the protection of natural resources.

Effect of Acid Concentration on Surface Area of Sol-Gel Derived Y2O3

Serdar Gültekin — 2024-03-31

Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) ceramics have been investigated in detail for many technological purposes and used as important material in the ceramic industry, ceramic superconductors, MOS transistors and light-emitting materials. Phosphor materials are important tools for the efficient utilization of current energy. These materials can be used in various fields such as display panels, fluorescent paints, and bio-imaging. In this study, Y₂O₃ phosphor particles with different surface areas were produced using the sol-gel method. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of citric acid concentration used in the solution preparation stage on the surface area of the final product. Luminescent materials can be more effectively used with increasing surface area. For this purpose, starting solutions with three different acid concentrations were prepared. The solutions were prepared to have citric acid concentrations with respect to the total metal ions (MRCM) at 0.5, 1, and 2 molar concentrations. The organic contents of the dried solutions were compared using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the phase structures of the obtained samples after heat treatment were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface areas of the final Y₂O₃ particles were measured and characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. It is observed that the acid concentration significantly changed the surface area of Y₂O₃. The surface areas of the Y₂O₃ particles increased with increasing acid concentration. The surface areas of the samples with MRCM values of 0.5, 1, and 2 were measured as 19.16 m²/g, 32.76 m²/g, and 53.48 m²/g, respectively. The study showed that the surface area, which affects the luminescent properties of phosphor materials, can be easily modified using the sol-gel method.

Secure Network Design and Simulation Using Cisco Packet Tracer

Timorshah Rahimi — 2024-03-31

As the name implies, Cisco is the company that developed the tool known as Cisco Packet Tracer. The users can practice on both basic and complex networks with this program. The main goal of program (Cisco Packet Tracer) is to help users obtain practical networking experience and improve technology-specific skills. The software does not act as hardware switches or routers because of the protocols are solely implemented in software. In courses like CCNA and CCENT, lecturers utilize Cisco Packet Tracer to show network systems and technical ideas; hence using this program is advised. This program is used by students to complete their assignments, either on their own or in groups. In addition, French, German, Spanish, and Russian languages are available in Cisco Packet Tracer. With Cisco Packet Tracer, students may construct complex and large networks, which is frequently not possible with actual equipment due to cost. In order to compete internationally, the Faculty of Engineering must now create and put into practice a secure corporate network solution. This study shows develop network simulation for engineering faculty that is trustworthy, controllable, scalable, and useful. The multiple services that make up the business network as a whole are linked together in this study using the hierarchical network model. The simulation results showed that the authentication server receives http traffic from any user trying to access the network and directs it there to check their credentials before allowing access. This network topology served as the physical and logical foundation for the engineering faculty. The result also shows that the distribution switches, core routers, and integrated routers for the Cisco ASA (Adaptive Security Appliance) are configured correctly.

Taxus Species: From Medical Use to Landscape Architecture

Nuraniye Eruygur — 2024-03-31

Turkey is located in the temperate zone and has vegetation rich in biodiversity compared to many neighboring countries. More than 12,000 plant taxa grow naturally in Turkey, and the number of plant species is close to the number of plant species in Europe. It is one of the important countries in the world with approximately 3,649 endemic taxa and an endemism rate of more than 30%. Yew trees (Taxus sp.) are evergreen trees and ornamental plants widely used for landscaping in North America, Europe and other parts of the world. However, all parts of the plant except the fleshy parts of the bright red fruits are poisonous. Taxol is the active compound isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree by bioactivity-directed studies of its active extract and has strong anticancer activities3. In this study, biological and biochemical studies of Taxus species and their use in landscaping were evaluated.

Investigation of the Use of Pink Pigment Obtained by Using Different Mineralizers in Wall Tile Glaze Recipes

Selim Taşçı — 2024-03-31

Oxide and pigment components are used in the colouring of glazes applied to ceramic products. Pigment production process is a complex process involving different stages. Pigment production process, such as grinding, mineraliser addition and calcination are the most important parameters in the emergence of colour. The rapid firing process in the wall tile production process affects the colour intensity and colour quality of the pigment component used in the glaze recipe in the final product.

In this research, pigments were produced using Ca-borate and Mg-sulfate mineralizers, and their impact on pigment synthesis was examined. The glazes exhibited colors ranging from pink to light brown, dependent on the pigment composition. The choice of mineralizer had a notable effect on the crystal structure of the pigments. The Lab* values of the glazes were measured using a spectrophotometer. Characterization of the pigments was conducted through XRD and SEM-EDX analysis, respectively.