ICONTECH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

An Impedance Stable Bioinspired Tulip Shaped Ultra-Wideband Horn Antenna for Water Characteristic Analysis Using Microwave Technique

Duygu Nazan GENÇOĞLAN — 2025-03-10

In this study, a novel antenna design is presented and characterized to investigate its suitability in water pollution detection applications. The antenna exhibits excellent performance in meeting the stringent requirements of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communications. The proposed antenna's return loss conforms to the FCC UWB specifications. At a resonant frequency of 6.34 GHz, the minimum return loss value is -27.236 dB. The proposed antenna's Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) characteristics are illustrated with the minimum VSWR value displayed in linear scale. Furthermore, the real and imaginary parts of the antenna impedance are provided to reveal their stability within the UWB frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz. Notably, the antenna resistance remains constant, while the antenna reactance approaches zero. These impedance characteristics make the antenna a promising candidate for achieving a perfect match condition when used as a sensor for water pollution detection. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are detailed at the UWB center frequency of 6.85 GHz. These patterns display a primary radiation direction at 20 degrees, a main lobe magnitude of 8 dBi, and a side lobe level of -3.9 dB. These features make the antenna well-suited for water pollution detection applications where precise, UWB signal transmission and reception are crucial. Thus, this proposed antenna design offers promising prospects for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of water pollution detection systems.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Penicillin Prophylaxis in Animals

Melahat TOKER — 2025-03-10

Hayvanlarda primer ve sekonder penisilin profilaksisinin etkinliği değerlendirildi.

Çalışmaya 150 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların %53,5'i köpek, %46,5'i kediydi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 10,8±3,0 yıldı. En sık tutulum kardiyaktı ve hastaların %82'sinde görüldü. 80 hastada (%53,6) mitral kapak dejenerasyonu ve yetersizliği görüldü. 15 hastada aort yetersizliği ve %85'inde perikardiyal-plevral sıvı görüldü. Tedaviden sonra ortalama 3,4±2,7 yıl takip edilen hastalar arasında 80 hastanın %43,2'sinde mitral kapak tutulum derecesinde gerileme, 11 hastada (%7,3) tam iyileşme görüldü. Aort kapak sorunu olan 15 hastanın %20'sinde AS derecesinde gerileme, 10 hastanın %15,6'sında tam iyileşme görüldü. Perikardiyal sıvı ve plevra sıvısı olan hastaların tedavisinde penisilinin etkililik oranı oldukça yüksekti. Sonuç olarak şunu söyleyebiliriz ki; Sığır, at, koyun, köpek ve kedilerde penisilin ve dihidrostreptomisine duyarlı bakterilerin neden olduğu lokal ve sistemik enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılır. Evcil hayvanın sağlıklı hücrelerine zarar vermeden hastalığa neden olan organizmayı yok ederek enfeksiyonları tedavi etmek için antibakteriyel ilaçlar gereklidir.

Effective Pneumonia Detection From Chest X-ray Images on an Embedded Platform Using Deep Transfer Learning

Enver ELİTOK — 2025-03-10

Pneumonia is a significant health problem worldwide, posing serious threats particularly to children and the elderly. Early diagnosis and accurate treatment play a critical role in improving the quality of life and survival rates of patients. Medical imaging techniques are indispensable tools in diagnosing pneumonia, providing non-invasive methods for visualizing the internal organs of patients. In recent years, artificial intelligence and especially deep learning methods have made significant advancements in medical image analysis. Transfer learning extracts meaningful features from medical images using large datasets and powerful processors, classifying these images with high accuracy. In this study, the pre-trained MobileNetV2 model is used to classify pneumonia and normal chest X-ray images on a personal computer using transfer learning. The dataset includes X-ray images provided by the Indian Institute of Science, PES University, MS Ramaiah Institute of Technology, and Concordia University (doi: 10.17632/9xkhgts2s6.3). The model's performance is evaluated with metrics such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity, demonstrating high accuracy with low computational costs. The trained model is then deployed on a low-cost, high-performance, and portable embedded system, the Nvidia Jetson Nano, and its performance on this platform is examined. On the personal computer, the model's prediction time is 36.57 milliseconds, with accuracy at 98.1%, sensitivity at 97.8%, specificity at 98.5%, precision at 98.9%, and F1-score at 98.4%. On the Jetson Nano platform, the prediction time is 111.2 milliseconds, with accuracy at 97.8%, sensitivity at 96.8%, specificity at 99.4%, precision at 99.6%, and F1-score at 98.2%. The findings of the study indicate that the MobileNetV2 model can effectively operate on the Nvidia Jetson Nano embedded platform and provide high performance. This study offers an innovative and effective solution for pneumonia diagnosis by integrating deep learning and embedded systems. Future research may further enhance classification performance and significantly improve the quality and accessibility of healthcare services by using larger datasets and various deep learning models.

Tarım Bazı Ayçiçeği Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Verim Özellikleri Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi

Nurettin BARAN — 2025-03-10

Giriş ve Amaç: Ayçiçeği yetiştiriciliğinde, diğer bitkisel ürünlerde olduğu gibi bölgeye uygun çeşit kullanımı, verimi ve kaliteyi arttıran temel unsurlardan biridir. Bu çalışma, bazı ayçiçeği çeşitlerinin verim ve agronomik parametrelere etkilerini belirlemek, yöre halkını ayçiçeği üretimine teşvik etmek ve konu ile ilgili bilimsel çalışmalara katkı sağlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma, 2021 yetiştirme sezonunda Batman Üniversitesi Batı Raman deneme alanında, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Denemede, Armada, Sirena, Esbella, Goldsun, Kaan, Sanbro, LG-5485, Sonay, Tarsan, Biser Cl, P-64-LL-62, SY-Cadix, Bosfora ve Reyna olmak üzere 14 farklı çeşit materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bitki boyu, tabla çapı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, tane verimi ve yağ oranı değerleri incelenmiştir. Batman koşullarında tek yıl süreyle yürütülen bu çalışmada; Bitki boyu 37,25-192,85 cm, tabla çapı 14,09-21,19 cm, tohum verimi 289,30-586,08 kg/da olarak belirlenmiştir. Yağ oranı değerleri arasında en yüksek değer %53,37 ile P-64-LL-62 çeşidinden, en düşük değer ise %39,53 ile SY-Cadix çeşidinden belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada dikkate alınan verim ve verim özellikleri açısından; tohum veriminde Kaan çeşidinin, yağ oranında ise P-64-LL-62 çeşidinin diğer çeşitlere göre üstün performans gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ısı haritası kümelemesi, Biplot grafikleri ve çeşit, özellik ve çeşit x özellik arasındaki ilişkilerin gruplandırılması sonuçlarının doğrulandığı belirlenmiştir.

De Stijl’s Principles and Their Roles on Modernist Furniture Movement: A Comparative Analysis

Burcin SALTİK — 2025-03-10

‘De Stijl’ had its significant role on the modernist architects, many famous architects and designers had been influenced by this style in design. The paper aims to identify the penetration of ‘De Stijl’ principles into the furniture design and its influence on modernist furniture designers. The similarities and differences between ‘De Stijl’ styles and modernist movement designs have been evaluated through several indicators which formulated based on theoretical analysis of the literature. The study analyzed many modern furniture designs by several famous modernist designers. The study focused on the chair design by famous modernist architect designers, like Alvar Aalto, Marcel Breuer, and Le Corbusier. A comparative analysis has been carried out between these furniture designs and ‘De Stijl’ furniture. The result demonstrated that there is a great influence for ‘De Stijl’ movement principles into modernist furniture movement.

Systematıc Surgıcal Approach To Aortoenterıc Fıstula Case

Mehmet Erin TÜYSÜZ — 2025-03-10

Aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is one of the most difficult diagnostic and therapeutic conditions in vascular surgery. AEF can occur primarily in the aorta and gastrointestinal system or more commonly as a secondary to previous aortic reconstructive surgery. In our case, we planned a systemic surgical approach because of the previous ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm that was operated on by us and then the AEF developed.

Effects of Rumen Protected Choline and Propylene Glycol on Metabolism in Dairy Cows with Low Body Condition

Hasan ATALAY — 2025-03-10

Rumen protected choline (RPC), propylene glycol (PG) are used for preventing fatty liver disease and ketosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of RPC, PG on metabolism in dairy cows with low body condition. The study included 32 multiparous Holstein cows (n=32) aged 3-6 years with a body condition score (BCS) of 2 to 2.5. The animals were divided into two groups using the random sampling method. The experimental group (n=16) received 60 g/d of RPC and 250 ml/d of PG by oral administration for one-week prepartum (7±5 days) and another week postpartum. The control group (n=16) received no RPC and PG. Blood samples were examined for calcium, Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), urea, and triglycerides. All cows in the study received the same care and food routine. RPC and PG supplementation had a effect on blood concentrations of NEFA, urea, and triglycerides (p<0.05). Therefore, using RPC and PG could reduce the incidence of ketosis and fatty liver disease by significantly lowering blood triglyceride levels. Accordingly, it is thought that an increase in the NEFA and BHBA ratios could lead to fatty liver and ketosis. Statistical analysis revealed that the oral supplementation of RPC and PG to dairy cows in the experimental group had a statistically significant effect on the blood triglyceride, NEFA concentrations. As a result, using RPC and PG in dairy cows could help to lower the risk of ketosis and fatty liver disease since blood triglyceride levels decreased significantly.

Transition Period, Negative Energy Balance and Oxidative Stress

Hasan ATALAY — 2025-03-10

The transition period, lasting three weeks before and three weeks following parturition, is critical for high-yielding dairy cows. Hormonal and metabolic changes occur during this period. The energy requirements increase significantly with the onset of lactation. However, if dry matter intake is insufficient, the energy need cannot be met. In this case, the cow attempts to compensate for this by mobilizing its body fat reserves. This leads to the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Nutritional diseases such as abomasum displacement, hypocalcemia, ketosis, fatty liver, mastitis, metritis, retained placenta, acidosis, and laminitis are particularly common during the transition period in high-yielding cattle. They are all interrelated, and oxidative stress often accompanies or exacerbates many of these diseases. Furthermore, the emergence of one of these diseases triggers the development of others.